The health risks associated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) remain contested; preclinical animal studies often demonstrate adverse organ and metabolic effects at high doses, whereas human clinical trials and regulatory reviews generally find MSG safe at normal dietary levels.
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The retrieved literature is divided between preclinical studies and narrative reviews showing various toxicities or metabolic disruptions at high doses of monosodium glutamate, and rigorous systematic reviews, regulatory evaluations, and double-blind trials concluding that MSG is safe at normal dietary levels and that many reported effects lack robust clinical validation.