Multiple studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence computing, spanning model training, inference, and hardware deployment, generates substantial carbon footprints, high energy consumption, and electronic waste that harm environmental sustainability.
The retrieved literature consistently discusses the environmental burdens of AI computing, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions, high energy consumption, carbon footprints, and sustainability challenges during model training and inference. Papers 1, 2, 4, 8, and 11 explicitly document these environmental harms, while the remaining papers either touch on unrelated topics or explore AI used to optimize other sectors. Consequently, the claim is supported by the evidence.