Transcranial magnetic stimulation can facilitate human learning processes
Multiple clinical trials and reviews demonstrate that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can effectively modulate cortical excitability and facilitate human learning and cognitive performance.
The retrieved papers consistently provide both review-level and empirical support showing that transcranial magnetic stimulation can enhance motor, visuospatial, and sequence learning processes. There are no papers refuting this relationship, leading to a verdict of SUPPORTED.
B. Luber, S. Lisanby. Enhancement of human cognitive performance using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.007
Reviews over sixty studies showing significant improvements in speed and accuracy across perceptual, motor, and executive tasks using TMS.
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N. Censor, L. Cohen. Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the underlying neural mechanisms of human motor learning and memory. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.198077
Explains how repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can facilitate learning processes through the purposeful modulation of cortical excitability.
Yingying Tang, Lihua Xu, Tianyuan Zhu, Huiru Cui, Zhenying Qian, Gai Kong, Xiaochen Tang, Yanyan Wei, T. Zhang, Yegang Hu, J. Sheng, Jijun Wang. Visuospatial Learning Selectively Enhanced by Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Parieto-Hippocampal Network among Patients at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad015
Demonstrates that personalized TMS over the parieto-hippocampal network significantly improves visuospatial learning in patients.
Szücs-Bencze L, Vékony T, Pesthy O, Szabó N, Kincses TZ, Turi Z, Nemeth D. Modulating Visuomotor Sequence Learning by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: What Do We Know So Far?. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11100201
Analyzes methodologies showing that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a viable method for modulating visuomotor sequence learning.
Saeid Khanmohammadi, Fatemeh Ehsani, Rasool Bagheri, S. Jaberzadeh. Compared motor learning effects of motor cortical and cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during a serial reaction time task in older adults. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95859-1
Finds that primary motor cortex and cerebellar rTMS significantly enhance motor learning and consolidation in older adults.
Leslie K. Held, Emiel Cracco, L. Bardi, Maggie Kiraga, Elio Cristianelli, M. Brass, E. Abrahamse, S. Braem. Associative Visuomotor Learning Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Stimulus–Response Interference. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02100
Shows that the human brain can successfully form associative stimulus-response connections using externally induced motor cortex TMS.
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