Large amplitude ocean waves travel faster than small amplitude waves.
Nonlinear wave theory and hydrodynamic studies confirm that large amplitude ocean and gravity waves exhibit amplitude dispersion, causing their phase speeds to depend on their height.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the principle of amplitude dispersion in nonlinear wave mechanics, where finite-amplitude and large-amplitude waves exhibit different dispersion relations compared to linear small-amplitude theory. Papers such as [0], [2], and [3] directly address the nonlinear dependence of wave properties on amplitude. Therefore, the claim that amplitude affects wave speed characteristics is well supported by physical oceanography and fluid dynamics principles.
John W. McLean. Instabilities of finite-amplitude gravity waves on water of finite depth. 1982. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112082000184
Analyzes the finite-amplitude effects and instabilities of gravity waves on water, confirming the physical relevance of amplitude dispersion where wave characteristics depend on their amplitude.
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Binbin Zhao, Tian-yu Zhang, Zhan Wang, M. Hayatdavoodi, Y. Gou, R. Ertekin, Wen-yang Duan. High-level Green–Naghdi model for large-amplitude internal waves in deep water. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2024.460
Investigates large-amplitude internal waves and demonstrates how nonlinear models accurately capture wave speeds associated with large displacements compared to linear approximations.
Ferdinand F. Cap. Amplitude Dispersion and Stability of Nonlinear Weakly Dissipative Waves. 1972. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1666109
Explicitly discusses dispersion relations for nonlinear waves, confirming the presence of amplitude dispersion where wave speed varies with amplitude.
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