Gravity affects and bends the path of light.
Multiple studies and historical observations confirm that massive gravitational fields bend and affect the path of light, matching the predictions of general relativity.
The claim is a well-established physical fact supported by numerous general relativity tests and astrophysical observations, such as gravitational lensing and light deflection by the Sun, as demonstrated in the provided literature.
Will CM. The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment.. 2014. https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2014-4
Paper 0 confirms that general relativity tests, including light deflection, have reached high precision.
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Longair M. Bending space-time: a commentary on Dyson, Eddington and Davidson (1920) 'A determination of the deflection of light by the Sun's gravitational field'.. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0287
Paper 5 highlights the historical and ongoing importance of the gravitational bending of electromagnetic waves by massive bodies.
Sadiq S. Gravitational Lensing and Tidal Effects of a Planetary Mass Black Hole. 2026. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202605.1288.v1
Paper 9 utilizes general relativity to calculate the relativistic deflection angle of light in the weak-field limit.
AlMosallami A. Causal Lorentzian Theory of Gravitation Conceptual Foundations, Nonlinear Completion, and Observational Signatures. 2026. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0542.v1
Paper 10 notes that the proposed theory successfully reproduces the gravitational light deflection prediction of general relativity.
Shibah S. A Covariant Phenomenological Framework for Gravity: Emergent Pressure from Vacuum Dilatancy in a Relativistic Viscous Continuum. 2025. https://doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.002464.v1
Paper 11 cites the precise light deflection measurement of 1.75 seconds of arc as consistent with gravitational models.
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