Non-antigenic organs can be engineered for transplantation
Recent advances in genetic engineering and gene-editing technologies have successfully reduced the antigenicity of animal organs, making xenotransplantation a viable and actively developing strategy for addressing human organ shortages.
The retrieved literature extensively discusses how genetic modification (such as knockout of xenoantigens like alpha-gal and addition of human complement regulatory proteins) successfully reduces the immunogenicity and antigenicity of organs for transplantation. No papers refute the possibility; instead, they detail the ongoing technological progress and remaining challenges in multi-gene editing.
Nikolai Klymiuk, Bernhard Aigner, Gottfried Brem, Eckhard Wolf. Genetic modification of pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation.. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.21127
Genetic modification of donor pigs enables the reduction of xenoantigens to overcome hyperacute rejection.
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Magdalena Boksa, Joanna Zeyland, Ryszard Słomski, Daniel Lipiński. Immune modulation in xenotransplantation.. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-014-0317-7
Advances in genetic engineering facilitate the incorporation of human regulatory genes to lower xenotransplant immunogenicity.
Jiaoxiang Wang, Kaixiang Xu, Tao Liu, Heng Zhao, Muhammad Ameen Jamal, Gen Chen, Xiaoying Huo, Chang Yang, Deling Jiao, Taiyun Wei, Hanfei Huang, Hongfang Zhao, Jianxiong Guo, Fengchong Wang, Xiong Zhang, Kai Liu, Siming Qu, Gang Wang, Hui Guo, Gang Chen, Hong-Ye Zhao, Zhong Zeng, Kefeng Dou, Hong-Jiang Wei. Production and Functional Verification of 8-Gene (GGTA1, CMAH, β4GalNT2, hCD46, hCD55, hCD59, hTBM, hCD39)-Edited Donor Pigs for Xenotransplantation.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.70028
Multi-gene edited donor pigs successfully alleviate immune rejection and support organ function in xenotransplantation.
Cesare Galli. Current Techniques of Gene Editing in Pigs for Xenotransplantation.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3389/ti.2025.13807
Genetic engineering allows pig organs and tissues to be made less immunogenic by eliminating specific antigens.
Antonia W Godehardt, Ralf R Tönjes. Xenotransplantation of decellularized pig heart valves-Regulatory aspects in Europe.. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12609
Genetic modification of animal donors generates organs and tissues with significantly reduced antigenicity.
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