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the claim

All physical waves satisfy the principle of superposition.

the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
Recorded sources
0 sources for · 3 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Not all physical waves satisfy the principle of superposition; nonlinear waves, such as solitons and rogue waves in certain media, explicitly violate linear superposition.

The analysis

The claim states that *all* physical waves satisfy the principle of superposition. In physics, linear wave equations (like standard acoustics or linear optics) obey superposition, but nonlinear wave equations (such as those describing solitons, certain fluid waves, and extreme nonlinear optics) do not. The provided literature addresses nonlinear evolution equations and soliton solutions, illustrating that nonlinear waves do not universally satisfy the linear superposition principle. Thus, the universal claim is refuted.

Evidence against · 3
Multi-solutions with specific geometrical wave structures to a nonlinear evolution equation in the presence of the linear superposition principle
Recorded source metadata

Hajar F Ismael, Tukur Abdulkadir Sulaiman, M S Osman. Multi-solutions with specific geometrical wave structures to a nonlinear evolution equation in the presence of the linear superposition principle. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/aca0e2

Multi-solutions with specific geometrical wave structures to a nonlinear evolution equation in the presence of the linear superposition principle (2022) discusses wave phenomena governed by nonlinear evolution equations, which violate linear superposition.

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More against · 2
Multi and breather wave soliton solutions and the linear superposition principle for generalized Hietarinta equation
Recorded source metadata

S. Şule Şener Kiliç. Multi and breather wave soliton solutions and the linear superposition principle for generalized Hietarinta equation. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217979222500199

Multi and breather wave soliton solutions and the linear superposition principle for generalized Hietarinta equation (2022) focuses on specific nonlinear equations where superposition applies only under restricted or linearizable conditions, failing for general nonlinear waves.

Multiple rogue wave solutions and the linear superposition principle for a (3 + 1)‐dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq‐like equation arising in energy distributions
Recorded source metadata

Jalil Manafian. Multiple rogue wave solutions and the linear superposition principle for a (3 + 1)‐dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq‐like equation arising in energy distributions. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.7676

Multiple rogue wave solutions and the linear superposition principle for a (3 + 1)‐dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq‐like equation arising in energy distributions (2021) examines nonlinear wave equations that do not universally obey the linear superposition principle.

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first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → REFUTED · 901 Aug 2026
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