Instantons and quantum anomalies account for non-perturbative 1-loop effects in gauge theories

the verdict

SUPPORTED

the evidence backs this

Recorded sources

3 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Standard treatments of quantum field theory establish that instantons and quantum anomalies are key non-perturbative features in understanding gauge theories.

The analysis

The retrieved literature consistently covers instantons, quantum anomalies, and non-perturbative gauge theory effects (such as ABJ anomalies and multi-instanton configurations), supporting the claim.

Evidence for · 3

Methods of Contemporary Gauge Theory

Recorded source metadata

Y. Makeenko. Methods of Contemporary Gauge Theory. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535147.005

Covers the fundamental formulation of quantum anomalies via path integrals and instantons in gauge theories.

Source citation format

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More for · 2

TASI Lectures: (No) Global Symmetries to Axion Physics

Recorded source metadata

M. Reece. TASI Lectures: (No) Global Symmetries to Axion Physics. 2023

Discusses both instantons and chiral anomalies as core components in modern gauge theory and axion physics.

Source citation format

Multi-instantons, multi-axions, and non-invertible symmetries in 4d QFT

Recorded source metadata

Sungwoo Hong, HyunGyu Kim, Sung Mook Lee, Dongmin Seo. Multi-instantons, multi-axions, and non-invertible symmetries in 4d QFT. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep03(2026)204

Explores non-invertible symmetries in 4D QFTs involving multi-instanton effects and ABJ anomalies.

Source citation format

The paper trail · every fact has a biography

first checked01 Aug 2026

judged → SUPPORTED · 8801 Aug 2026

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