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the claim

Water moves throughout plants primarily via the cohesion-tension mechanism in the xylem

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
7 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Extensive physiological and biophysical evidence supports the cohesion-tension mechanism as the primary driver of water movement through the xylem in vascular plants.

The analysis

The retrieved literature overwhelmingly supports the classic cohesion-tension mechanism for xylem water transport. Multiple studies directly test, utilize, or build upon this theory, examining associated phenomena like negative pressures, sap tension, surfactant stabilization of nanobubbles, and embolism resistance. There are no papers refuting the core mechanism itself.

Evidence for · 7
Direct Measurement of Xylem Pressure in Leaves of Intact Maize Plants. A Test of the Cohesion-Tension Theory Taking Hydraulic Architecture into Consideration
Recorded source metadata

Chunfang Wei, Melvin T. Tyree, Ernst Steudle. Direct Measurement of Xylem Pressure in Leaves of Intact Maize Plants. A Test of the Cohesion-Tension Theory Taking Hydraulic Architecture into Consideration. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.121.4.1191

Experiments on intact maize plants yielded measurements consistent with the cohesion-tension theory of xylem water transport.

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More for · 6
Xylem Surfactants Introduce a New Element to the Cohesion-Tension Theory1[OPEN]
Recorded source metadata

H. J. Schenk, S. Espino, D. M. Romo, Neda Nima, Aissa Do, Joseph M Michaud, B. Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg, Jinlong Yang, Yi Y. Zuo, K. Steppe, S. Jansen. Xylem Surfactants Introduce a New Element to the Cohesion-Tension Theory1[OPEN]. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01039

Investigates how lipid-based xylem surfactants help support water transport under negative pressure as explained by the cohesion-tension theory.

Freezing of Conifer Xylem and the Cohesion‐Tension Theory
Recorded source metadata

Edward Sucoff. Freezing of Conifer Xylem and the Cohesion‐Tension Theory. 1969. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1969.tb07394.x

Reconciles the presence of air bubbles in conifer xylem during freezing with the continued validity of the cohesion-tension theory.

Catastrophic hydraulic failure and tipping points in plants.
Recorded source metadata

Johnson DM, Katul G, Domec JC. Catastrophic hydraulic failure and tipping points in plants.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14327

Describes plant water movement as a continuous chain from soil to leaf evaporation governed by xylem tension and subject to hydraulic failure.

Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
Recorded source metadata

Stephen Ingram, Yann Salmon, Anna Lintunen, Teemu Hölttä, Timo Vesala, Hanna Vehkamäki. Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.732701

Examines how glycolipid and phospholipid surfactants stabilize nanobubbles within xylem sap under negative pressure.

Evolution and palaeophysiology of the vascular system and other means of long-distance transport.
Recorded source metadata

Raven JA. Evolution and palaeophysiology of the vascular system and other means of long-distance transport.. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0497

Notes that embryophytes utilize mass flow of aqueous solution through the xylem under tension for long-distance transport.

Consistent decrease in conifer embolism resistance from the stem apex to base resulting from axial trends in tracheid and pit traits.
Recorded source metadata

Zambonini D, Savi T, Rosner S, Petit G. Consistent decrease in conifer embolism resistance from the stem apex to base resulting from axial trends in tracheid and pit traits.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1414448

Analyzes drought-induced embolism formation and hydraulic traits along conifer stems under tension-based transport.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8801 Aug 2026
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