The ortho-effect significantly alters the acidity and basicity of substituted aromatic compounds
The presence of ortho-substituents on aromatic compounds exerts distinct steric and electronic influences, frequently referred to as the ortho-effect, which substantially alters their acid-base properties.
The retrieved papers include foundational discussions on aromatic acidity and basicity where substituent positioning, particularly the ortho-position, critically dictates physicochemical behavior such as pKa and reactivity anomalies compared to meta- and para-isomers.
Sporzyński A, Adamczyk-Woźniak A, Zarzeczańska D, Gozdalik JT, Ramotowska P, Abramczyk W. Acidity Constants of Boronic Acids as Simply as Possible: Experimental, Correlations, and Prediction.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112713
Paper [4] demonstrates that ortho-substituted compounds deviate from standard linear free energy relationships due to unique steric and electronic effects on acidity.
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Guy Lamoureux, Carlos Arias-Álvarez. Grids II: Aromatic Acidity and Basicity. 2021. https://doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2021.1.75670
Paper [5] organizes the substituent effects on acidity and basicity for aromatic systems such as benzoic acids and anilines, highlighting structural impacts.
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