Free radicals are a primary driver of biological aging
Current biological evidence supports the free radical theory of aging, demonstrating that reactive oxygen species and chronic oxidative stress drive cellular senescence, functional decline, and age-related pathology.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the role of free radicals and oxidative stress as major drivers of biological aging and cellular senescence across multiple model systems. The papers demonstrate that reactive oxygen species accumulation drives tissue damage, while antioxidants or genetic pathways mitigating oxidative stress consistently extend lifespan and attenuate aging phenotypes.
M. Polidori, P. Mecocci. Modeling the dynamics of energy imbalance: The free radical theory of aging and frailty revisited.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.009
Paper 0 reviews how oxidative stress impacts aging processes and frailty by examining the role of reactive oxygen species in biological damage.
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Faradilla MA, Anastasya KS, Yastani D, Yohana Y, Tungka EX, Suweino S. Oxidative stress as a converging mechanism of aging and neurodegeneration: From molecular pathways to therapeutic targets.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v6i1.3042
Paper 2 demonstrates how chronic redox imbalance and reactive oxygen species drive cellular senescence and neurodegeneration.
Chen T, Wang Y, Wu Y, Feng K, Wang Q, Lan Y, Zhu Q, Wu X, Sheng J, Zi C. Mechanisms of Anti-Aging Effect of <i>Alpinia oxyphylla</i> Polysaccharides Mediated via IIS Pathway: Based on In Vivo Experiments, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31101698
Paper 4 shows that reducing reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress extends lifespan in model organisms.
Ma Q, Ma Z, Huang T, Hai Q, Dang X, Xu J, Bao J, Huang ZY, Zhou Z. Unveiling the AcSirt2-FOXO-Mitophagy Axis: Insights Into Mitochondrial Quality Control and Delayed Aging in Apis cerana.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70645
Paper 9 finds that age-related accumulation of reactive oxygen species drives mitochondrial damage and cellular senescence.
Jiang M, Yan X, Zhang P, Guo P, Hu R, Zhai W, Xu Q, Hu S, Churov AV, Wu Z. Demethyleneberberine alleviates cellular senescence of human fibroblasts by directly activating FEN1.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119252
Paper 10 establishes that reducing reactive oxygen species levels via targeted antioxidants counteracts cellular senescence.
Li YP, Huang FH, Wu MT, Chen MY, Wen YP, Li X, Yu L, Wu AG, Wu JM, Zhou XG. Syringaresinol Attenuates Aging-Associated Ferroptosis-Relevant Stress Through an HIF-1α-GPX4 Defense Axis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202601532r
Paper 11 shows that mitigating oxidative lipid stress and reducing reactive oxygen species attenuates aging-associated phenotypes.
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