Smuggling activities follow standard supply and demand market principles
Evidence from multiple illicit markets (such as tobacco, drugs, and organs) indicates that smuggling and black-market activities operate under standard supply and demand market principles, though they are also shaped by social and regulatory factors.
The retrieved literature consistently discusses illicit trade, black markets, and smuggling in terms of supply and demand forces, even when noting supplementary sociological factors.
Mark Goodchild, Jeremias Paul, Roberto Iglesias, Annerie Bouw, Anne-Marie Perucic. Potential impact of eliminating illicit trade in cigarettes: a demand-side perspective.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055980
Paper 3 notes that the illicit cigarette market reflects the interplay between supply and demand.
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Robyn Dwyer, David Moore. Beyond neoclassical economics: Social process, agency and the maintenance of order in an Australian illicit drug marketplace.. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.03.001
Paper 6 discusses how standard economic models of supply and demand are applied to illicit drug markets, though it argues for adding social processes.
Daniel J Hurst, Luz A Padilla, Emanuele Cozzi, Jay Fishman. Xenotransplantation and Human Organ Trafficking: The Impact of Increased Organ Availability.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.70121
Paper 7 discusses how organ shortages and demand drive the illicit trade in human organs.
Roger Lee Mendoza. Price deflation and the underground organ economy in the Philippines.. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdq016
Paper 10 examines price dynamics and supply stability in the underground organ economy based on economic principles.
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