Price discrimination is increasing in prevalence across modern markets.
Recent economic and legal literature confirms that the adoption of advanced algorithms and surveillance data is increasing the prevalence of personalized price discrimination across modern digital markets.
The claim is specific, empirical, and testable. Retrieved papers such as [3], [8], and [9] directly discuss the growing utilization of algorithmic pricing and data-driven personalization (surveillance pricing) to implement price discrimination in modern markets. There are no papers refuting this trend.
Robbiano S. Price–matching Guarantees in the Age of Algorithms: A Model of Collusion, Discrimination and the Welfare Trade-off. 2025. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7941350/v1
The paper discusses how real-time algorithms enable online oligopolies to infer consumer elasticities and generate algorithmic price discrimination.
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Frédéric Marty, Thierry Warin. Algorithmic Pricing and Competition: Balancing Efficiency and Consumer Welfare. 2025. https://doi.org/10.54932/txgo9604
The article notes that algorithmic pricing facilitates personalized offers and discriminatory pricing across digital markets.
Nupur Awati. Market Failures Within Algorithmic Pricing: The Information Asymmetry Ethics Behind Surveillance Pricing and Consumer Privacy. 2026. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6670958
The paper explains how companies increasingly favor algorithmic pricing and surveillance-based information asymmetry to implement personalized pricing.
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