Monogamy in humans evolved for specific evolutionary reasons
Extensive evolutionary and anthropological research supports the conclusion that human monogamy and pair-bonding evolved as adaptive responses to life history traits, sex ratios, and social pressures.
The claim asserts that monogamy in humans evolved for specific evolutionary reasons. Multiple papers analyze these specific drivers—such as adult sex ratios, life history changes, mate guarding, and the mitigation of harassment or infanticide. All relevant evidence supports the claim that human pair-bonding has specific evolutionary underpinnings, with zero papers refuting this general premise.
Jesse B. Marczyk, T. Shackelford. Book Review: A Biased, Incomplete Perspective on the Evolution of Human Mating Systems. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491000800104
Dixson argues that human evolutionary history is characterized by monogamy and polygamy rather than multi-male/multi-female mating systems.
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Matthew C. Nitschke, Viney Kumar, Katrina E. Milliner, Kristen Hawkes, P. S. Kim. Evolution of Human Pair Bonds as a Consequence of Male-Biased Mating Sex Ratios?. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-025-01414-4
Models demonstrate that human-like life histories and adult sex ratios correlate with a shift toward mate guarding and pair bonding.
Hawkes K. Revisiting "Grandmothers and the Evolution of Human Longevity" 2003 AJHB https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10156.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70045
The grandmother hypothesis links pair bonds and mate guarding to extended longevity, mid-life menopause, and cooperative breeding.
Robin Dunbar. Deacon's Dilemma: The Problem of Pair-bonding in Human Evolution. 2010. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264522.003.0008
Pair-bonding evolved partly as a strategy for females to reduce risks of harassment and infanticide from other males within large communities.
M. Dyble. Human monogamy in mammalian context.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.2163
Cross-cultural sibling distributions confirm that monogamy serves as the modal mating system for humans, aligning with socially monogamous mammals.
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