Vultures lack the physiological capacity to digest diclofenac.

the verdict

SUPPORTED

the evidence backs this

Recorded sources

2 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Vultures lack the physiological capacity to safely process diclofenac, resulting in fatal kidney failure upon ingestion.

The analysis

The retrieved literature consistently documents that diclofenac causes fatal toxicity and kidney failure in Gyps vultures due to their inability to process the drug safely.

Evidence for · 2

Toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to Gyps vultures: a new threat from ketoprofen

Recorded source metadata

Vinny Naidoo, Kerri Wolter, Duncan Cromarty, Maria Diekmann, Neil Duncan, Andrew A. Meharg, Mark A. Taggart, Leon Venter, Richard Cuthbert. Toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to Gyps vultures: a new threat from ketoprofen. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0818

Paper 0 establishes that Gyps vultures die from kidney failure after consuming tissues containing diclofenac, highlighting their severe physiological susceptibility.

Source citation format

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More for · 1

Assessing the ongoing threat from veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to Critically EndangeredGypsvultures in India

Recorded source metadata

Richard J. Cuthbert, Ruchi Dave, Soumya Sunder Chakraborty, Sashi Kumar, Satya Prakash, Sachin P. Ranade, Vibhu Prakash. Assessing the ongoing threat from veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to Critically EndangeredGypsvultures in India. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000135

Paper 1 confirms that veterinary diclofenac is extremely toxic to Gyps vultures, causing dramatic population declines.

Source citation format

The paper trail · every fact has a biography

first checked01 Aug 2026

judged → SUPPORTED · 8801 Aug 2026

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