The gut microbial ecosystem is highly susceptible to disruption by invading pathogens
The retrieved literature consistently supports the claim that the gut microbial ecosystem is vulnerable to disruption by invading pathogens, which can overcome colonization resistance, degrade mucosal barriers, and induce lasting dysbiosis.
The retrieved papers provide extensive evidence that enteric pathogens can successfully breach host-microbiota defenses, dismantle physical and immune barriers, and cause profound ecological shifts (dysbiosis) in the gastrointestinal tract. No papers refute the vulnerability of the gut ecosystem; rather, they elaborate on the mechanisms by which pathogens disrupt it.
Li N, Guo X. The gut microbiota and host immunity synergistically orchestrate colonization resistance.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2025.2611545
Paper [0] highlights that colonization resistance is necessary to prevent enteric pathogens from invading and disrupting the gut ecosystem.
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Miki T, Ito M, Haneda T, Okada N, Kim YG. Infection strategies of <i>Salmonella</i>Typhimurium for gut-lumen colonization: Overcoming host defenses, exploiting host responses, and adapting to the enteric niche.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/29933935.2026.2671472
Paper [1] notes that certain enteric pathogens like Salmonella can successfully overcome host and microbiome defenses to colonize the gut.
Scarlata GGM, Belančić A, Štimac D, Fajkić A, Meštrović T, Abenavoli L. Bacteriophage Therapy Against <i>Shigella</i> spp.: A Precision Antimicrobial Strategy.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15030317
Paper [2] states that gastrointestinal infections are closely linked to early and persistent disruption of gut ecology.
Yang L, Xu Y, Wang X. Detonating a "time bomb": how enteric infection stress triggers prophage induction in commensal microbiota and exacerbates disease progression.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1723549
Paper [4] describes how enteric infections and associated stress can trigger prophage induction and destabilize the commensal microbiota.
Zermeño-Ruiz M, Gutierrez-Gutierrez F, Anaya-Ambriz EJ, Peña-Durán E, García-Galindo JJ, Huerta-Huerta A, Quiñonez-Gallardo AL, Suárez-Rico DO. Enteric Infections, Dysbiosis, and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Role of Diarrheagenic Pathogens in Insulin Resistance.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031610
Paper [6] demonstrates that diarrheagenic pathogens disrupt the gut microbiota and compromise intestinal barrier integrity.
Eckhard U, Ramírez-Larrota JS, Estevan-Morió E, Gomis-Rüth FX. The protease code of the bacterial gut microbiota: ecological regulation, barrier disruption, and rewiring host defense and signaling.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2026.2687149
Paper [8] illustrates how bacterial pathogens utilize specific enzymes and virulence factors to dismantle gut barriers and alter microbial balance.
Hu Y, Yu XL, Zhang XJ, Ma LT. The role of the gut mycobiota in neurodevelopmental disorders: a multikingdom disruption of the gut-brain axis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1798439
Paper [10] explains how bacterial dysbiosis can erode colonization resistance and permit pathogenic or fungal overgrowth.
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