Aluminum chlorohydrate in antiperspirants causes breast cancer
Whether aluminum chlorohydrate in antiperspirants causes breast cancer remains contested, with in vitro and some observational studies suggesting a potential link via estrogenic activity, while comprehensive reviews and safety assessments find no consistent or definitive clinical evidence of carcinogenicity.
The retrieved literature shows a division between mechanistic/in vitro studies and smaller observational cohorts suggesting a possible link (often via metalloestrogenic activity) and broader systematic reviews concluding that the epidemiological evidence is inconsistent and fails to establish a direct causal relationship. Therefore, the claim is best classified as contested.
Aluminum chlorohydrate in antiperspirants shows potential estrogenic activity in vitro and mixed observational associations, but reviews find no definitive clinical link to breast cancer.
Linhart C, Talasz H, Morandi EM, Exley C, Lindner HH, Taucher S, Egle D, Hubalek M, Concin N, Ulmer H. Use of Underarm Cosmetic Products in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study.. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.005
This case-control study found a significant association between frequent early-life underarm cosmetic product use and increased breast cancer risk.
Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, Yenugadhati N, Wisniewski TM, Arnold IM, Momoli F, Krewski D. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts.. 2014. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2014.934439
This comprehensive systematic review concluded that there is no clear evidence showing that underarm antiperspirants increase the risk of breast cancer, and metallic aluminum salts are not proven carcinogenic.
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V. Gorgogietas, I. Tsialtas, N. Sotiriou, Vasiliki C Laschou, Aikaterini G. Karra, D. Leonidas, G. Chrousos, E. Protopapa, A. M. Psarra. Potential interference of aluminum chlorohydrate with estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer cells. 2018
This in vitro study demonstrated that aluminum chlorohydrate can interfere with estrogen receptor signaling and alter gene expression in breast cancer cells.
Gorgogietas VA, Tsialtas I, Sotiriou N, Laschou VC, Karra AG, Leonidas DD, Chrousos GP, Protopapa E, Psarra AG. Potential interference of aluminum chlorohydrate with estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer cells.. 2018. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30148119
This study confirmed that aluminum chlorohydrate induces estrogen receptor alpha activation and promotes genes related to breast cancer progression in cell lines.
A. Moussaron, J. Alexandre, M. Chenard, C. Mathelin, N. Reix. Correlation between daily life aluminium exposure and breast cancer risk: A systematic review.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127247
This systematic review noted that epidemiological data on deodorant and antiperspirant use and breast cancer incidence remain inconsistent and lack definitive causal proof.
T. Hangan, Geir Bjørklund, S. Chirilă. Exploring the Potential Link between Aluminum-Containing Deodorants/Antiperspirants and Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.2174/0109298673269343231025070053
This comprehensive review highlights that while biological mechanisms and exposure are debated, existing research and clinical data do not establish a direct causal connection between antiperspirants and breast cancer.
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