NSAIDs provide anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes

Theken KN, Ghosh S, Skarke C, Fries S, Lahens NF, Sarantopoulou D, Grant GR, FitzGerald GA, Grosser T. Degree of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Modulates Blood Pressure Response.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.25516

The study assesses drug target inhibition by measuring the degree of COX-2 inhibition achieved by different NSAIDs.

Andryszkiewicz W, Lippik M, Makieła M, Modrzyk B, Gomułka K. Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Intolerance Among Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Clinical Patterns, COX-1-Mediated Mechanisms, and Implications for COX-2 Inhibitors and Paracetamol.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27093727

The article notes that adverse cross-reactivity and hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs stem directly from their pharmacological inhibition of COX-1.

Laou E, Mitta S, Voutsadaki E, Ntalarizou N, Tselioti P, Cortegiani A, Chalkias A. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atrial fibrillation after non-cardiac surgery? Insights from translational and clinical research.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s44158-025-00303-5

Mechanistic discussions identify cyclooxygenase inhibition as a primary pathway through which perioperative NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory effects.

Alam MK, Hajeer MY, Aljubab HMH, Alruwaili EM, AlMashhri JM, Alruwaili RA. Evaluation of Systemic Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Orthodontic Tooth Movement Rate: A Clinical and Biomarker-Based Study.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1761_25

The trial demonstrates that NSAIDs exert their effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes and downstream prostaglandins necessary for bone remodeling and inflammation.