The first use of concentration camps in history occurred during colonial conflicts in the 19th century
Historical scholarship demonstrates that the first concentration camps emerged during colonial conflicts and imperial counter-insurgency campaigns in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The retrieved literature, specifically specialized works on the history and origins of concentration camps (such as papers [10] and [11]), explicitly supports the claim that concentration camps originated in 19th- and early 20th-century colonial contexts (e.g., Cuba, South Africa, and German South-West Africa). The other papers are largely tangential or about different historical topics. Therefore, the claim is well-supported by the evidence.
Daniel P. Stone. 2. Origins. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723387.003.0002
Paper [10] traces the origins of concentration camps to 19th- and early 20th-century colonial settings such as Australia, the United States, Cuba, South Africa, and German South-West Africa.
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Alan Kramer. From Early Modern Europe to Colonial Warfare. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780192520906.003.0002
Paper [11] discusses the invention and emergence of concentration camps in violent imperial responses to colonial conflicts around the turn of the twentieth century in places like Cuba, the Philippines, South Africa, and German South West Africa.
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