Chronic blood pressure differences between individuals are driven by genetic and environmental factors.
Extensive genetic and epidemiological research establishes that individual differences in blood pressure are influenced by a combination of heritable genetic factors and environmental exposures.
The retrieved papers consistently support the claim that blood pressure variation is multifactorial, driven by underlying genetic heritability (as shown by GWAS, TWAS, and twin studies) interacting with environmental and dietary factors (such as sodium-potassium balance).
G. Ehret. Genome-Wide Association Studies: Contribution of Genomics to Understanding Blood Pressure and Essential Hypertension. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-009-0086-6
Genome-wide association studies confirm that genetic variations contribute significantly to blood pressure regulation and hypertension heritability.
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Xiaoling Wang, H. Snieder. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Beyond. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.157214
Twin and family studies establish that blood pressure has substantial heritability, while large-scale GWAS identify specific genetic loci associated with blood pressure traits.
Si-Chao Huang, Jie Wang, Nannan Liu, Ping Li, Shan Wu, L. Qi, Li Xia. A cross-tissue transcriptome association study identifies key genes in essential hypertension. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1114174
Post-GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies highlight key genes and molecular pathways involved in essential hypertension.
Torres A, Sanchez Redroban JD, Trujillo G, Perez A. Sodium, potassium, and blood pressure regulation in Latin American populations: a critical narrative review of multifactorial determinants.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1770880
Multifactorial reviews demonstrate that blood pressure regulation is modulated by the complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors such as dietary sodium and potassium.
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