Elementary particles can have extremely long lifespans approaching stability
Standard particle physics models and Grand Unified Theories support the premise that certain elementary particles, such as the proton, can possess extraordinarily long lifespans, pushing the limits of stability.
The claim addresses the extremely long lifespans or stability of elementary particles (such as nucleons/protons). Papers [5] and [6] discuss proton decay suppression and baryon number violation limits, which imply that elementary particles can have lifetimes vastly exceeding the age of the universe, rendering them effectively stable or near-stable. The retrieved papers on this topic support this established physics concept.
A. Azatov. Flavor Physics in SO(10) GUTs with Suppressed Proton decay Due to Gauged Discrete Symmetry. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/335/1/012024
Paper [5] discusses GUT models that suppress proton decay, leading to exceptionally long lifetimes for elementary particles like the proton.
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Leah Broussard, A. Crivellin, M. Hoferichter, S. Syritsyn, Yasumichi Aoki, Joshua L. Barrow, Arnau Bas i Beneito, Z. Berezhiani, N. F. Calabria, S. Fajfer, Susan Gardner, Julian Heeck, Cailian Jiang, Luca Naterop, Alexey A. Petrov, R. Shrock, Adrian Thompson, U. V. Kolck, M. Wagman, Linyan Wan, J. Womersley, J. Yoo. Baryon Number Violation: From Nuclear Matrix Elements to BSM Physics. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/adf081
Paper [6] reviews baryon number violation physics, highlighting ongoing research into extremely long-lived elementary particles such as the proton.
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