Global sea level exhibits measurable seasonal variations.
Multiple studies demonstrate that sea level exhibits measurable annual, semiannual, and seasonal variations driven by factors such as water temperature changes, wind fields, and atmospheric pressure.
The claim is specific, empirical, and testable. The retrieved papers include direct evidence of seasonal variations in sea level from tide gauge data and spectral analysis (Papers 0 and 7). There are no papers refuting the seasonal cycle of sea levels, supporting a verdict of SUPPORTED.
M. Marcos, M. N. Tsimplis. Variations of the seasonal sea level cycle in southern Europe. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc004049
Paper 0 establishes the presence of distinct annual and semiannual seasonal components in sea level variations across southern Europe using tide gauge records.
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Xue W, Qiao L, Zhang S, Zhong Y, Duan X, Yin P, Liu J. Comparative study on sea-level rise in the Yangtze River Estuary and Red River Estuary in the recent 30 years.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02232-3
Paper 7 identifies clear seasonal, annual, and sub-annual cycles in sea level anomalies within estuarine environments.
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