Light smoking carries significant cardiovascular risks.
Multiple clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate that light or low-intensity smoking carries significant cardiovascular risks, including elevated rates of myocardial infarction and increased mortality.
The retrieved literature contains several robust studies (e.g., papers 0, 1, and 3) specifically examining low-intensity smoking and consistently finding that even a small number of cigarettes per day is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. Papers 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are tangential or address other risk factors (such as shift work, physical activity, or dietary patterns) without refuting the claim. Therefore, the evidence strongly supports the claim.
J. Lubin, D. Couper, P. Lutsey, M. Woodward, H. Yatsuya, R. Huxley. Risk of cardiovascular disease from cumulative cigarette use and the impact of smoking intensity. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000437
This study demonstrates that low-intensity cigarette smoking carries significant cardiovascular disease risks, noting that even fewer cigarettes per day accrued over a longer duration remain highly deleterious.
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Z. Vasiljevic, M. Scarpone, M. Bergami, Jinsung Yoon, M. van der Schaar, G. Krljanac, M. Ašanin, G. Davidović, S. Simovic, O. Manfrini, Nataša Mickovski-Katalina, L. Badimón, E. Cenko, R. Bugiardini. Smoking and sex differences in first manifestation of cardiovascular disease.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.909
This research shows that low-intensity smoking provides inadequate cardiovascular protection, especially in young to middle-aged women who experience high rates of myocardial infarction and related mortality.
D. S. Gutiérrez-Torres, M. Brochier, D. Stern, A. Cortés-Valencia, J. Hernández-Ávila, E. Morales-Carmona, T. Barrientos-Gutiérrez, M. Inoue-Choi, M. Lajous, N. Freedman. Low-intensity Daily Smoking and Mortality Risk Among Mexican Women. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2022-057839
This large cohort study found that low-intensity smoking (10 or fewer cigarettes per day) is significantly associated with increased mortality risk, including elevated cardiovascular disease mortality.
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