Enol content is higher in non-polar solvents
The weight of chemical evidence, including classical studies on tautomerism, demonstrates that non-polar solvents generally favor a higher enol content by destabilizing the more polar keto form, though specific computational models sometimes indicate complex environmental interactions depending on the molecule.
Paper [0] explicitly states that the enol form is favored by a decrease in solvent polarity. Paper [10] examines enolization in non-polar solvents using lattice theory and confirms solvent-dependent equilibria. Paper [8] presents computational results suggesting polar solvents can assist tautomeric conversions via charge stabilization, but the predominant classical and experimental literature (such as [0]) supports the claim that non-polar solvents promote higher enol content.
Jerzy Sepioł, Zygmunt Kazimierczuk, David Shugar. Tautomerism of Isoguanosine and Solvent-Induced Keto-Enol Equilibrium. 1976. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1976-7-803
Paper [0] demonstrates that tautomeric equilibria shift toward the enol form with a decrease in solvent polarity.
Faal M, Faal M, Ahmadi T, Dehgan F. Fabrication and evaluation of polylactic acid-curcumin containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) wound dressing using electrospinning method with experimental and computational approaches.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98393-2
Paper [8] suggests via DFT calculations that tautomeric conversion can be favored in polar solvents due to the stabilization of charged species.
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Satohiro Tanaka. The Solvent Effect on the Equilibrium of a Chemical Reaction in a Non-electrolyte Solution: Application to the Keto-enol Tautomerism and Dimerization of Nitrogen Dioxide. 1966. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.39.84
Paper [10] applies lattice theory to the enolization of ethyl acetoacetate and validates linear relationships for enol content in non-polar solvents.
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