GMOs carry risks that do not exist with selective breeding
Scientific evidence refutes the claim that genetically modified organisms carry unique risks absent in selective breeding, showing instead that unintended molecular and phenotypic changes occur similarly in both conventional and genetically modified crops.
The retrieved literature extensively compares genetically modified crops with those produced through conventional breeding or selective breeding, consistently finding that both methods introduce variations at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels, and that genetic engineering does not inherently introduce unique unintended effects or risks not found in conventional crops. Therefore, the claim is refuted.
Ashraf Abdeen, Jaimie Schnell, Brian Miki. Transcriptome analysis reveals absence of unintended effects in drought-tolerant transgenic plants overexpressing the transcription factor ABF3. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-69
Studies on transgenic plants overexpressing transcription factors demonstrate that genetic modification does not inherently activate unexpected gene networks or cause pleiotropic risks absent in conventional breeding.
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Qingsong Liu, Xiaowei Yang, Vered Tzin, Yufa Peng, Jörg Romeis, Yunhe Li. Plant breeding involving genetic engineering does not result in unacceptable unintended effects in rice relative to conventional cross‐breeding. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14895
Comparative omics analyses in rice show that transcriptome and metabolome modifications from genetic engineering are comparable to or less than those resulting from conventional cross-breeding.
Yuanyuan Wang, Qingsong Liu, Xinyuan Song, Xiaowei Yang, Lanzhi Han, Jörg Romeis, Yunhe Li. Unintended changes in transgenic maize cause no nontarget effects. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10260
Assessments of genetically engineered maize pollen and its impact on non-target organisms indicate that any unintended changes do not exceed natural variations found in conventional crossbred lines.
Daniel Soares, Hallison Vertuan, Fabiana Bacalhau, Marcia José, Augusto Crivellari, Gustavo G Belchior, Geraldo U Berger. Genetically modified crops do not present variations in pollen viability and morphology when compared to their conventional counterparts.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285079
Investigations into pollen viability and morphology across various transgenic crops confirm that genetically modified events are phenotypically equivalent to their conventional non-GM counterparts.
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