Light pulses can be compressed in time and space
Multiple studies in ultrafast optics demonstrate that light pulses can indeed be compressed simultaneously in time and space to achieve extreme field intensities.
The retrieved papers provide robust theoretical and experimental evidence demonstrating that optical and laser pulses can be compressed both temporally and spatially (spatiotemporal compression, lambda-cubed regimes, and coherent harmonic focusing). Papers 2, 8, and 10 explicitly discuss spatiotemporal compression and focusing mechanisms of light pulses.
Zhaoyang Li, Yanqi Liu, Xiaoyang Guo, Yuxin Leng, Ruxin Li. Single-wavelength size focusing of ultra-intense ultrashort lasers with rotational hyperbolic mirrors. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.3.3.036002
Discusses compressing all the energy of a laser pulse into a spatiotemporal focal cube, achieving the highest intensity in the lambda-cubed regime.
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Timmis RJL, Fitzpatrick CRJ, Kennedy JP, Huddleston HM, Denis E, James A, Baird C, Symes D, McGonegle D, Atonga E, Martin H, Rebenstock J, Neely J, Lee J, Redfern J, Bourgeois N, Finlay O, Ruskov R, Astbury S, Hawkes S, Zhang Z, Zepf M, Krushelnick K, Gumbrell E, Rajeev PP, Yeung M, Dromey B, Norreys P. Efficiency-optimized relativistic plasma harmonics for extreme fields.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10400-2
Notes that plasma media can support strong spatiotemporal compression of laser energy in a coherent harmonic focus.
Wang D, Feng F, Nie Z, Feng B, Jiang Q, Liu S, Gu B. Ultrafast tuning of tightly focused vector spatiotemporal optical vortices.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.579773
Demonstrates ultrafast pulse compression while maintaining the periodicity and spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of vector spatiotemporal optical vortices.
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