Former American slaves were put back into virtual slavery after the Civil War
Following the Civil War, systems such as convict leasing, debt peonage, and sharecropping trapped many freed African Americans in conditions of forced labor and extreme subjugation, effectively creating a form of virtual slavery.
Judged against reference works: claims of this kind are settled by the historical reference record, not journal abstracts.
Wikipedia: American Civil War. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War
Reference article covering this claim directly
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en.wikipedia.org: Convict leasing. en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convict_lease
Details convict leasing as a forced penal labor system expanding after emancipation.
en.wikipedia.org: Slavery by Another Name. en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_by_Another_Name?wprov=sfla1
Describes how systems like convict leasing and peonage meant slavery persisted into the 20th century.
en.wikipedia.org: Convict leasing. en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convict_leasing?wprov=sfla1
Reiterates the expansion of convict leasing of Black individuals following the 1865 emancipation.
skeptics.stackexchange.com: Were many former American slaves put back into virtual slavery after the .... skeptics.stackexchange.com. https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/42731/were-many-former-american-slaves-put-back-into-virtual-slavery-after-the-civil-w
Confirms former slaves were arrested and put into slave labor through the 13th Amendment loophole.
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