Helicobacter pylori infection persists indefinitely in the stomach if left untreated.

Rajaei A, Mahdavi P, Chimehrad R, Zakeri M, Sadeghloo Z, Mojarad EN. A vicious cycle inducer in gastric pathogenesis: implication of Helicobacter pylori.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04662-z

Describes how H. pylori uses virulence factors and immune evasion mechanisms to maintain persistent infection.

Tang X, Teng X, Wu Z, Chen G. Regulation of dendritic cells maturation via the Serpinb8/ITGAX axis in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2026.103789

Notes that H. pylori has evolved specialized immune evasion strategies that enable its persistent colonization in the gastric mucosa.

Zhu Y, isah Mb, Zhang X. <i>De novo</i> design of binder proteins targeting <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> adhesin BabA. 2026. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.24.727452

States that long-term colonization by H. pylori depends on factors that facilitate persistent infection if not cleared.

Wang P, You N, Teng YS, Lv YP, Tian WQ, Xu JY, Xie R, Wu JB, Yue GY, Cheng P, Zhang JY, Peng LS, Mao FY, Luo SL, Yang SM, Zhao YL, Zhou H, Chen W, Wang B, Zhuang Y. Helicobacter pylori-induced PPFIA4 orchestrates immune network-promoting gastritis and gastric bacterial colonization.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci193848

Discusses host and bacterial mechanisms that collectively ensure H. pylori persistence in the gastric environment.