Viewing nature imagery on screens improves human health and well-being
Multiple experimental studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses consistently show that viewing nature imagery through screens, virtual reality, or digital windows helps reduce stress and improve psychological well-being.
The claim is specific, empirical, and contestable, passing Step 0. Numerous retrieved papers—including randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses [3, 11]—demonstrate that digital or screen-based exposure to nature provides measurable psychological and physiological stress recovery and restorative benefits comparable to actual nature [1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]. There are no papers refuting this body of evidence, leading to a SUPPORTED verdict.
F. Zabini, L. Albanese, Francesco Riccardo Becheri, G. Gavazzi, F. Giganti, Fabio Giovanelli, G. Gronchi, A. Guazzini, M. Laurino, Qing Li, T. Marzi, F. Mastorci, F. Meneguzzo, S. Righi, M. Viggiano. Comparative Study of the Restorative Effects of Forest and Urban Videos during COVID-19 Lockdown: Intrinsic and Benchmark Values. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218011
Virtual forest videos effectively reduced perceived anxiety levels during lockdown.
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Seunguk Shin, M. Browning, A. Dzhambov. Window Access to Nature Restores: A Virtual Reality Experiment with Greenspace Views, Sounds, and Smells. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2021.0032
Virtual reality nature views provided restorative benefits and mental clarity in busy indoor environments.
Luyao Fan, M. R. Baharum. The effects of digital nature and actual nature on stress reduction: A meta-analysis and systematic review. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2024.100772
A meta-analysis confirmed that digital natural environments provide stress recovery comparable to actual nature exposures.
Xiaotong Jing, Chao Liu, Jiaxin Li, Weijun Gao, Hiroatsu Fukuda. Effects of Window Green View Index on Stress Recovery of College Students from Psychological and Physiological Aspects. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103316
Virtual reality window green views significantly improved stress recovery and physiological indicators among students.
Courtney Suess, Jay E. Maddock. Understanding the Influence of Window Views, Plantscapes, and Green Décor in Virtual Reality Hospital Rooms on Simulated Acute-Care Patients’ Stress Recovery and Relaxation Responses. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867251344626
Verdant nature views and green elements in virtual environments were associated with high restorative utility and relaxation.
Jaime Navarrete, Jéssica Navarro-Siurana, R. Herrero, M. D. Vara, M. Miragall, R. Baños. Connecting to Nature through 360° Videos during COVID-19 Confinement: A Pilot Study of a Brief Psychological Intervention. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4242888
A brief 360-degree video nature intervention significantly decreased negative affect and improved well-being during confinement.
Chengcheng Yin, Tongyu Li, Binxia Xue, Zirui Zhao. Influence of virtual reality restorative environments on psychological well-being in university students: an evidence-based experimental study. 2025. https://doi.org/10.37349/edht.2025.101155
Virtual reality restorative environments demonstrated significant positive effects on psychological recovery and stress reduction.
Hubbard G, Verde PA, Barrable A, O'Malley C, Barnes N, Toner P. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of virtual reality nature effects on higher education students' mental health and wellbeing.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.70060
A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that virtual reality nature interventions show promise for improving mental health and well-being.
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