Mantle plumes are distributed around the core in a known pattern.
Mantle plumes originate from organized deep-mantle structures such as large low-velocity provinces at the core-mantle boundary, indicating they are distributed in patterned rather than random locations.
The provided literature supports the concept that mantle plumes are not randomly distributed, but rather arise from structured deep-mantle features like large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) at the core-mantle boundary and are influenced by heterogeneous boundary heat flux.
Zhang J, Hu J, Wang K. Bilateral Loa-Kea trends of the Hawaiian Islands caused by the bottom-up splitting of plume conduit.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx4095
Paper 6 demonstrates that mantle plumes originate in an ordered fashion from ridges of large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) driven by slab push, leading to specific splitting patterns.
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Hsieh WP, Deschamps F, Tsao YC, Pease A, Dorfman SM, Bausch HJ, Wang F. Spin transition in magnesiowüstite and ultralow thermal conduction in ultralow velocity zones.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65430-7
Paper 10 notes that core-mantle boundary heat-flux patterns and thermal insulation structures influence the generation and growth of thermal plumes.
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