Certain musical compositions produce measurable psychoactive states
Multiple studies demonstrate that specific musical compositions can induce measurable physiological, neurological, and emotional states, effectively acting as non-pharmacological interventions or psychoactive triggers.
The claim is specific and falsifiable, passing Step 0. Papers [1], [2], [4], and [7] provide robust evidence that music can induce specific psychoactive, neurochemical, analgesic, and psychophysiological states. The remaining papers are either tangential or address unrelated topics such as general demographics, coffee culture, or trauma recovery without directly disputing the psychoactive properties of music. Therefore, the balance of evidence strongly supports the claim.
Toader C, Tataru CP, Florian IA, Covache-Busuioc RA, Bratu BG, Glavan LA, Bordeianu A, Dumitrascu DI, Ciurea AV. Cognitive Crescendo: How Music Shapes the Brain's Structure and Function.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101390
Music listening improves cognitive functions and is used successfully in therapeutic interventions for depression and anxiety.
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Metcalf CS, Huntsman M, Garcia G, Kochanski AK, Chikinda M, Watanabe E, Underwood T, Vanegas F, Smith MD, White HS, Bulaj G. Music-Enhanced Analgesia and Antiseizure Activities in Animal Models of Pain and Epilepsy: Toward Preclinical Studies Supporting Development of Digital Therapeutics and Their Combinations With Pharmaceutical Drugs.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00277
Specific musical compositions exhibit measurable analgesic and antiseizure activities in animal models.
M. Reybrouck, Edith Van Dyck. Is music a drug? How music listening may trigger neurochemical responses in the brain. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/10298649241236770
Music may be regarded as an alternative psychoactive trigger prompting neurochemical responses in the brain.
Abrahan VD, Alba G, Justel N, Muñoz MA. The Predominant Role of Musical Valence Over Arousal in Pain Modulation: A Psychophysiological Study.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.70142
Musical valence and acoustic features systematically modulate psychophysiological responses and pain perception.
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