Current additive manufacturing techniques are capable of sintering lunar and Martian regolith into structural components
Current research confirms that additive manufacturing and sintering methods can successfully process lunar and Martian regolith into viable structural components and construction materials.
The retrieved papers consistently demonstrate that both lunar and Martian regolith (or simulants) can be processed using various additive manufacturing and sintering techniques—such as direct ink writing, microwave sintering, and extrusion of molten or bio-composite materials—to create structural components for extraterrestrial habitats.
Sophia Mannes Guesser De Oliveira, Kurosch Rezwan, Cyprien Verseux, Michael Maas. 3D printing of composites of Martian regolith simulants and cyanobacterial biomass towards sustainable material production on Mars. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00521-9
Develops direct ink writing 3D printing strategies using Martian regolith simulants to produce sustainable structural composite materials.
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Alexis Maurel, Ana Cristina Martinez, Pedro Cortes, Bharat Yelamanchi, Sina Bakhtar Chavari, Sreeprasad T Sreenivasan, Cameroun Sherrard, Eric MacDonald. 3D Printing of Batteries from Lunar and Martian Regolith. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01562724mtgabs
Discusses additive manufacturing techniques utilizing in-situ resources from lunar and Martian regolith to build components and infrastructure.
Sofie M. Castelein, Tom F. Aarts, Juergen Schleppi, Ruud Hendrikx, Amarante J. Böttger, Dominik Benz, Maude Marechal, Advenit Makaya, Stan J. Brouns, Martin Schwentenwein, Anne S. Meyer, Benjamin A.E. Lehner. Iron can be microbially extracted from Lunar and Martian regolith simulants and 3D printed into tough structural materials. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.15.382614
Demonstrates the 3D printing of tough structural construction parts using iron extracted from lunar and Martian regolith simulants.
Zhu K, Guo J, Ning Q, Han Z, Xu L, Liu Z, Gao B, Li J. Microwave-Sintered Lunar Regolith Bricks for Lunar Infrastructure: Fracture Behavior, Tribological Performance, and Electromagnetic Wave Transmission.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091907
Examines the fabrication and structural performance of microwave-sintered lunar regolith for infrastructure applications.
Bowen J, Prabhu VL, Lim S, Anand M. The viscosity and processing of molten lunar regolith.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87761-7
Analyzes the high-temperature processing and rheological behavior of molten lunar regolith to support extrusion-based 3D printing of construction components.
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