Disparities in athletic performance among runners of different ancestries are influenced by physiological traits
Disparities in athletic performance across different ancestries and individuals are substantially influenced by underlying physiological traits and genetic variations.
The retrieved literature robustly supports the claim that athletic performance and physiological traits (such as aerobic capacity, muscle fiber characteristics, and metabolic responses) are closely tied to genetics, with specific genetic variants appearing at different frequencies across populations and contributing to athletic disparities.
B Sjödin, J Svedenhag. Applied physiology of marathon running.. 1985. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502020-00002
Paper 6 establishes that physiological traits such as maximal oxygen uptake and running economy determine performance, and notes that training responses are bounded by genetic factors.
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Ross Tucker, Jordan Santos-Concejero, Malcolm Collins. The genetic basis for elite running performance.. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092408
Paper 7 discusses how genetic variations and the frequency of favorable genetic variants among certain ancestral populations contribute to dominance in elite running performance.
R Alvarez, N Terrados, R Ortolano, G Iglesias-Cubero, J R Reguero, A Batalla, A Cortina, B Fernández-García, C Rodríguez, S Braga, V Alvarez, E Coto. Genetic variation in the renin-angiotensin system and athletic performance.. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050660
Paper 8 demonstrates that specific genetic polymorphisms (such as the ACE I allele) are found at significantly higher frequencies in elite athletes and contribute to physiological adaptation.
Hannah J Moir, Rachael Kemp, Dirk Folkerts, Owen Spendiff, Cristina Pavlidis, Elizabeth Opara. Genes and Elite Marathon Running Performance: A Systematic Review.. 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31427879/
Paper 9 confirms that endurance-related traits and marathon running performance have a substantial genetic basis.
Liina Remmel, Sigal Ben-Zaken, Yoav Meckel, Dan Nemet, Alon Eliakim, Jaak Jürimäe. The Genetic Basis of Decathlon Performance: An Exploratory Study.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004439
Paper 10 shows that track and field athletes possess distinct genetic polymorphisms linked to physical capabilities such as speed, endurance, and strength.
A J Herbert, A G Williams, S J Lockey, R M Erskine, C Sale, P J Hennis, S H Day, G K Stebbings. Bone mineral density in high-level endurance runners: Part B-genotype-dependent characteristics.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04789-z
Paper 11 highlights that inter-individual differences in physiological and bone characteristics among endurance runners are partially driven by underlying genetic profiles.
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