Vaccines exist against the plague caused by Yersinia pestis
Multiple scientific studies and historical data confirm that effective vaccines and immunization strategies exist against the plague caused by Yersinia pestis.
The retrieved literature extensively covers various forms of plague vaccines, including subunit, live-attenuated, microsphere, and viral-vectored candidates tested in animal models and used historically in humans, thereby thoroughly supporting the claim.
J. Bashaw, S. Norris, S. Weeks, S. Trevino, J. Adamovicz, S. Welkos. Development of In Vitro Correlate Assays of Immunity to Infection with Yersinia pestis. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00398-06
Discusses the development of surrogate immunity assays and vaccine candidates against Yersinia pestis.
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Shih-shiung Huang, Ispenkova Li, Po-Da Hong, M. Yeh. Development of Yersinia pestis F1 antigen-loaded microspheres vaccine against plague. 2014. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S56260
Evaluates an F1 antigen-loaded microsphere vaccine offering protection against plague in mice.
W. Bowen, L. Batra, Amanda R. Pulsifer, E. Yolcu, M. Lawrenz, H. Shirwan. Robust Th1 cellular and humoral responses generated by the Yersinia pestis rF1-V subunit vaccine formulated to contain an agonist of the CD137 pathway do not translate into increased protection against pneumonic plague. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.103
Examines rF1-V subunit vaccine formulations and their efficacy against pneumonic plague.
C. Demeure, A. Derbise, C. Guillas, C. Gerke, S. Cauchemez, É. Carniel, J. Pizarro-Cerdá. Humoral and cellular immune correlates of protection against bubonic plague by a live Yersinia pseudotuberculosis vaccine.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.022
Demonstrates that live-attenuated vaccines protect against bubonic and pneumonic plague.
Theresa Gallagher, G. Mellado-Sánchez, A. L. Jørgensen, Stephen J. Moore, J. Nataro, M. Pasetti, L. Baillie. Development of a multiple-antigen protein fusion vaccine candidate that confers protection against Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007644
Presents a multiple-antigen protein fusion vaccine candidate conferring protection against Yersinia pestis.
Moshe Aftalion, Avital Tidhar, Yaron Vagima, David Gur, A. Zauberman, Tzvi Holtzman, A. Makovitzki, T. Chitlaru, Emanuelle Mamroud, Y. Levy. Rapid Induction of Protective Immunity against Pneumonic Plague by Yersinia pestis Polymeric F1 and LcrV Antigens. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030581
Shows that polymeric F1 and LcrV antigens rapidly induce protective immunity against pneumonic plague.
Sergei S. Biryukov, C. Klimko, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, R. Toothman, J. Shoe, M. Hunter, Nathaniel O. Rill, Y. Talyansky, Michael L. Davies, Ju Qiu, David P. Fetterer, J. Bozue, S. Welkos, C. Cote. Live attenuated vaccines and layered defense strategies to combat infections caused by nonencapsulated Yersinia pestis. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbrio.2023.1240698
Analyzes live attenuated vaccines and layered defense strategies against nonencapsulated Yersinia pestis.
V. Feodorov, A. Lyapina, O. Ulianova, E. Lyapina, L. V. Sayapina, M. N. Lyapin, A. A. Shcherbakov, M. Telepnev, V. Motin. Serologic Markers for Long-Term Immunity in Humans Vaccinated with Live Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROVAC.2012.04.003
Describes the use of the live Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG vaccine for prophylaxis against plague in humans.
O. Kudryavtseva, A. Goncharova, V. Kozhevnikov, S. Bugorkova. Multifaceted Approach to Assessing and Forecasting the Immune Response to Vaccination in Population Immunized against Plague. 2024. https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2024-3-118-125
Evaluates post-vaccination immunity and group responsiveness in populations immunized against plague.
C. Dold, L. Silva-Reyes, Young Chan Kim, L. Blackwell, P. Campos, Aline Linder, Alice Bridges-Webb, Mwila Kasanyinga, César López-Camacho, Amy-Rose Challis, Graham T. Hatch, S. Fotheringham, P. Beernink, A. V. Hill, S. Funnell, A. Pollard, C. Rollier. An Adenoviral Vectored Vaccine Protects Mice Against Aerosol Challenge with Yersinia pestis.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.02.036
Presents a novel adenoviral vectored vaccine protecting mice against aerosol challenge with Yersinia pestis.
A. Goncharova, S. Bugorkova. Experimental approach to immunomodulatory drug selection to improve plague vaccination efficacy. 2025. https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2025.3.40
Tests immunization schemes involving the live plague vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV line NIIEG.
John T Alexander. Introduction. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195158182.003.0001
Notes that vaccines and antibiotics presently enable health workers to limit plague outbreaks and infections.
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