Systematic under- or over-estimation of general knowledge quantities is driven by specific cognitive biases.
Multiple studies demonstrate that systematic misestimations of quantities are driven by specific cognitive biases such as quantity insensitivity, attribute substitution, and operational momentum.
The retrieved literature provides multiple specific empirical examples showing that systematic misestimations or under/over-estimations of quantities are tied to distinct cognitive biases (e.g., quantity insensitivity, operational momentum, heuristic-based attribute substitution). No papers refute this premise.
Bertrand Jayles, Hye-rin Kim, Ramón Escobedo, Stéphane Cezera, Adrien Blanchet, T. Kameda, C. Sire, G. Theraulaz. How social information can improve estimation accuracy in human groups. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703695114
Paper [1] notes that human judgment features systematic cognitive biases causing underestimation of quantities, which can be counterbalanced by social influence.
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Sarah Kusch, Florian Fiebelkorn. Environmental impact judgments of meat, vegetarian, and insect burgers: Unifying the negative footprint illusion and quantity insensitivity. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODQUAL.2019.103731
Paper [4] demonstrates that quantity insensitivity and the negative footprint illusion are specific cognitive biases that drive systematic estimation errors in environmental impact judgments.
Katz C, Knops A. Operational momentum in multiplication and division?. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104777
Paper [8] shows that numerical estimation biases such as operational momentum lead to the systematic over- or under-estimation of mathematical quantities based on problem type.
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