Sexual dimorphism in human height evolved due to specific selective pressures
Evidence from genetics, anthropology, and evolutionary biology supports the view that sexual dimorphism in human height and other physical traits evolved as a result of specific selective pressures, including sexual selection and genetic mechanisms.
The retrieved literature contains multiple specific empirical studies and genetic analyses examining the selective pressures, genetic architectures, and evolutionary drivers (such as sexual selection and contest competition) underlying human sexual dimorphism in body size and shape phenotypes, thereby supporting the claim.
Bernard Crespi. Turner syndrome and the evolution of human sexual dimorphism. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00017.x
Indicates that human sex differences, including phenotypic variation, are mediated in part by genetic mechanisms such as X-linked genes.
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Halsey LG, Geary D. The nurture of nature: why physical and psychological differences between the sexes are greater in healthier, wealthier societies.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2025.0187
Applies sexual selection theory combined with environmental and ecological factors to explain the evolution and divergence of morphological and physiological sex differences in humans.
Arner AM, Grogan KE, Grabowski M, Reyes-Centeno H, Perry GH. Patterns of recent natural selection on genetic loci associated with sexually differentiated human body size and shape phenotypes.. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009562
Analyzes genetic loci associated with sexually differentiated human body size and shape phenotypes, identifying signatures of selection.
Caton NR, Lewis DMG. Intrasexual Selection for Upper Limb Length in Homo sapiens.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.70010
Demonstrates that human upper limb length exhibits sexual dimorphism driven by intrasexual contest competition.
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