Adding salt during DNA precipitation neutralizes nucleic acid backbone charges.
Adding salt during DNA precipitation provides positive counterions that neutralize or screen the negative charges of the nucleic acid backbone, reducing electrostatic repulsion and allowing the molecules to aggregate.
The retrieved papers consistently support the role of salts in providing counterions that interact with, screen, or neutralize the negative charges on the nucleic acid backbone during precipitation and electrostatic characterization.
Nancy C. Stellwagen. Using capillary electrophoresis to characterize the hydrodynamic and electrostatic properties of DNA in solutions containing various monovalent cations. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.202100176
Paper [0] describes how monovalent cations interact electrostatically with the negatively charged nucleic acid backbone to alter DNA properties.
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Rodrigo Simas, M. Takagi, E. A. Miranda. Study of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate precipitation mechanism by salts and organic solvents.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.110
Paper [1] notes that charged biopolymers like DNA precipitate when a significant fraction of their backbone charges are neutralized by counterions.
C. Templeton, Ian Hamilton, Rick Russell, R. Elber. The Impact of Ion Mixing Entropy on Orientational Preferences of DNA Helices: FRET Measurements and Computer Simulations. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04354
Paper [3] explains how mobile cations provide charge screening and neutralization to overcome electrostatic repulsion between DNA backbone charges.
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