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the claim

Food poisoning is caused by ingesting contaminated food

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
12 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Food poisoning is caused by ingesting contaminated food, as confirmed by extensive global surveillance data and epidemiological studies.

The analysis

The claim is a specific, empirical statement that is overwhelmingly supported by all provided papers, which detail various foodborne illness outbreaks caused by contaminated food vehicles and pathogens.

Evidence for · 12
Recorded source metadata

K. A. V. Cartwright, B. G. Evans. Salmon as a food-poisoning vehicle-two successive salmonella outbreaks. 1988. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054169

Paper 0 details salmon-associated food-poisoning outbreaks caused by contaminated fish.

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More for · 11
Recorded source metadata

Thuy N. Kim, Alexandra R. Edmundson, Craig W. Hedberg. Foodborne Illness Complaint Systems Detect, and Restaurant Inspection Programs Prevent Restaurant-Associated Foodborne Illness Outbreaks. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2023.0086

Paper 1 discusses restaurant-associated foodborne illness outbreaks stemming from contaminated food.

Recorded source metadata

Sosah FK, Donkor ES. Microbial foodborne outbreaks in Africa: a systematic review.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf058

Paper 2 reviews microbial foodborne outbreaks across Africa caused by contaminated food vehicles.

Recorded source metadata

Weed BD, Carstens CK, Eisenstein TA, Fay ML, Salazar JK. Foodborne Illness Outbreaks Linked to Microbial Hazards Associated with Non-Dairy Fermented and Cultured Foods in the United States, 2011-2023.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100813

Paper 3 examines foodborne illness outbreaks linked to non-dairy fermented and cultured foods.

Recorded source metadata

Li T, Li X, Liu M, Shahbaz Z, You J, Quan Z, Li J, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang L. Analysis of foodborne disease outbreak surveillance in the China Mainland 2014-2023.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2026.105143

Paper 4 analyzes surveillance data on foodborne diseases caused by contaminated food and toxic substances.

Recorded source metadata

Colston JM, Devleesschauwer B, Flynn T, Schiaffino F, Revathi AA, Hossain N, Chen YT, Meister D, Bagherian A, Binggeli O, Zheng E, David N, Scallan Walter E, Kirk MD, Di Bari C, Lake R, Havelaar AH, Pires SM, Robertson LJ, Minato Y, Majowicz SE, Kosek MN. Updated Estimates of the Global, Regional and National Burden, and Etiology of Diarrheal Diseases Transmissible via Food: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Modelling Study for the World Health Organization. 2026. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.26.26344508

Paper 5 provides global estimates of diarrheal diseases transmissible via contaminated food.

Recorded source metadata

Alajlan AA, Almansour A, Alhumaidan OA, Alwetaid MY, Al-Shehri AA, Alajel SM, Almusa M, Albaridi NA. Analysis of Suspected Food Poisoning Incidents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: An Epidemiological Perspective.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/4803121

Paper 6 analyzes bacterial contamination in food samples and food poisoning outbreaks in Riyadh.

Recorded source metadata

Baker MR, Buyrukoğlu S, Buyrukoğlu G, Moreira J, Topalcengiz Z. Efficacy of machine learning models for the prediction of death occurrence and counts associated with foodborne illnesses and hospitalizations in the United States. 2025. https://europepmc.org/article/AGR/IND609271976

Paper 7 evaluates ML models for predicting deaths and hospitalizations from foodborne illnesses.

Recorded source metadata

Zhuang M, Li X, Xiao P, Kong Z, Song J, Chu Z, Wang L. Multi-City Outbreak of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infections Linked to Durian Mille-Feuille Cakes - Shandong Province, China, May-June 2025.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2026.029

Paper 8 links a multi-city outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus to contaminated durian mille-feuille cakes.

Recorded source metadata

Sun Y, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhu G, Li P, Jia J, Song H, Chen L, Lin Y. Descriptive study of foodborne disease outbreaks using monitoring data from foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system (FDOSS) in Jiaxing City, China, 2013-2023.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24287-7

Paper 9 analyzes foodborne disease outbreaks caused by microbial pathogens and toxic foods in China.

Recorded source metadata

Hadano Y, Mori H, Tanaka Y, Mahittikorn A, Ohno S. Epidemiology of Kudoa septempunctata food poisoning in Japan from 2013 to 2023.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38632-2

Paper 10 examines Kudoa septempunctata food poisoning in Japan caused by raw fish consumption.

Recorded source metadata

Chaidoutis E, Chatzimpirou O, Migdanis A, Migdanis I, Papadakis A, Pitiriga V, Lazaris AC, Kavantzas N. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning From Cheese Products: A Narrative Review of Public Health Implications and Preventive Strategies.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.107857

Paper 11 reviews staphylococcal food poisoning caused by the ingestion of enterotoxins in cheese.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked01 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8201 Aug 2026
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