The Arrhenius equation applies exclusively to reactants in the gas state
The claim that the Arrhenius equation applies exclusively to reactants in the gas state is incorrect, as the equation is widely used to describe temperature-dependent reaction rates and relaxation processes in condensed phases, including liquids and solutions.
The claim asserts that the Arrhenius equation is restricted solely to the gas state. However, numerous physical chemistry principles and empirical studies demonstrate its routine and successful application to liquid-phase reactions, solutions, conformational relaxations in glass-forming liquids, and surface adsorption processes. Therefore, the claim is definitively refuted by the literature.
Chas. E. Waring, Paul Becher. ``Structure'' in Liquids and the Relation between the Parameters of the Arrhenius Equation for Reactions in the Condensed Phase. 1947. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1746569
Paper [1] demonstrates the application of the Arrhenius equation to reactions in the condensed phase.
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Romanini M, Macovez R, Valenti S, Noor W, Tamarit JL. Dielectric Spectroscopy Studies of Conformational Relaxation Dynamics in Molecular Glass-Forming Liquids.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417189
Paper [2] discusses the use of the Arrhenius equation to study relaxation dynamics and activation energies in condensed-phase glass-forming liquids.
Doumane G, Bensalah J, Ouakki M, Aribou Z, Boussalem O, Mzioud K, Safi ZS, Berisha A, Bourhia M, Z Gaafar AR, Ibenmoussa S, Wondmie GF, Zarrouk A, Touhami ME, Habsaoui A. Alkaloid extract of seed Citrullus colocynthis as novel green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in one molar HCl acid solution: DFT and MC/MD approaches.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67011-y
Paper [4] utilizes Arrhenius-related concepts and temperature-dependent analyses to investigate corrosion inhibition processes in liquid acid solutions.
Ibrahim IM, Turky AM, Mostafa NY, Roushdy MH. Valorization of ductile cast iron solid waste as a high-performance adsorbent for crystal violet removal: characterization, optimization, and mechanistic insights.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra02129h
Paper [8] applies thermodynamic and kinetic investigations involving activation parameters and reaction rates to adsorption processes in condensed aqueous environments.
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