Asian Steppe populations repeatedly dominated Europeans militarily due to superior tactics and mobility
Historical and archaeological evidence indicates that Eurasian steppe populations frequently dominated neighboring regions militarily, driven by innovations in horse-riding technology, cavalry tactics, and mobile pastoralist infrastructure.
The retrieved papers provide robust support for the claim that Eurasian steppe populations utilized mounted riding, cavalry innovations, and pastoral mobility to exert significant military pressure and achieve dominance over sedentary and agrarian states. Papers [3], [6], [8], and [9] directly connect horse-based mobility, veterinary/equine innovations, and cavalry adoption to successful military expansion and sociopolitical dominance by nomadic groups. No retrieved papers refute the specific claim.
Balaresque P, Poulet N, Cussat-Blanc S, Gerard P, Quintana-Murci L, Heyer E, Jobling MA. Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations.. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.285
Connects Altaic-speaking pastoral nomadic populations and horse usage to highly successful lineage expansions and shifts in political organization.
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Turchin P, Whitehouse H, Gavrilets S, Hoyer D, François P, Bennett JS, Feeney KC, Peregrine P, Feinman G, Korotayev A, Kradin N, Levine J, Reddish J, Cioni E, Wacziarg R, Mendel-Gleason G, Benam M. Disentangling the evolutionary drivers of social complexity: A comprehensive test of hypotheses.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abn3517
Shows that the invention and adoption of military technologies, such as cavalry, played a strong causal role in the expansion of sociopolitical complexity.
Taylor WTT, Bayarsaikhan J, Tuvshinjargal T, Bender S, Tromp M, Clark J, Lowry KB, Houle JL, Staszewski D, Whitworth J, Fitzhugh W, Boivin N. Origins of equine dentistry.. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721189115
Provides archaeological and dental evidence that innovations in equine care by nomadic peoples enabled mounted riding and warfare.
Bennett JS. Retrodicting the rise, spread, and fall of large-scale states in the Old World.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261816
Demonstrates that steppe nomadic confederations exerted intense military pressure across Eurasia, driving the dynamics of large-scale states.
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