Heart attacks can occur without any blocked arteries
Heart attacks can indeed occur without blocked arteries, a condition clinically recognized as myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).
Multiple retrieved papers discuss MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries), confirming that heart attacks can occur through mechanisms other than obstructive coronary artery disease, such as vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
Trimarchi G, Teresi L, Licordari R, Pingitore A, Pizzino F, Grimaldi P, Calabrò D, Liotta P, Micari A, de Gregorio C, Di Bella G. Transient Left Ventricular Dysfunction from Cardiomyopathies to Myocardial Viability: When and Why Cardiac Function Recovers.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12051051
Discusses myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) as a condition leading to ventricular dysfunction without typical epicardial blockages.
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Yang P, Zhang S, Yin X, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Cao Y, Shen C. Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): a narrative review.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02703-3
Defines MINOCA as myocardial infarction cases occurring with less than 50% narrowing of the coronary arteries.
Chiara Tognola, Alessandro Maloberti, Marisa Varrenti, Patrizio Mazzone, Cristina Giannattasio, Fabrizio Guarracini. Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): Unveiling Sex-Specific Differences in Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 2025. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.1620.v1
Characterizes MINOCA as myocardial injury without significant coronary artery obstruction due to diverse mechanisms like vasospasm or microvascular dysfunction.
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