All quadruped species are safe and edible for human consumption
The claim that all quadruped species are safe and edible is false, as many animals harbor dangerous pathogens, toxins, or chemical residues that make them unsafe for human consumption.
The claim asserts that all quadrupeds are safe and edible, which is biologically and medically incorrect because numerous quadruped species carry zoonotic diseases (e.g., Mycobacterium bovis in cattle), toxic compounds, or veterinary drug residues that make them hazardous to humans. None of the provided papers support the universal safety and edibility of all quadrupeds; instead, studies highlight significant disease risks, parasites, and safety regulations associated with animal consumption and handling.
Assefa A, Mesfin K, Girmay T. A comprehensive review on animals and their products used in traditional folk medicine in Ethiopia.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00767-3
Paper [1] discusses multiple animal species used in traditional practices where safety and edibility are not universally assured.
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Markowska-Buńka P, Rasiński B, Ziółkowski H. Pharmacology and toxicology of veterinary isoxazolines: a review.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2026.100645
Paper [5] outlines toxicity and residues associated with treatments in food-producing species, highlighting safety hurdles.
Hartady T, Satrio FA, Maulana S, Wira DW, Setyowati EY, Salleh A. Zoonotic Tuberculosis as a One Health Challenge: Global Evidence, Transmission Dynamics, and Policy Gaps in Indonesia.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13030237
Paper [11] details zoonotic disease risks such as tuberculosis associated with livestock consumption and handling.
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