Membrane potential varies between intracellular membranes and the plasma membrane
Electrical potentials across lipid bilayers exist not only at the plasma membrane but also vary across various intracellular and organellar membranes.
Multiple papers (e.g., [3], [0], [2]) directly discuss the presence of distinct membrane potentials across intracellular structures (such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum) compared to each other or the plasma membrane, supporting the claim.
Katarína Elefantová, B. Lakatoš, J. Kubíčková, Z. Sulová, A. Breier. Detection of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by the Cationic Dye JC-1 in L1210 Cells with Massive Overexpression of the Plasma Membrane ABCB1 Drug Transporter. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071985
Paper [0] discusses mitochondrial membrane potential specifically in comparison to the plasma membrane ABCB1 transporter context.
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B. Gottschalk, Zhanat Koshenov, Markus Waldeck-Weiermair, S. Radulović, Furkan E. Oflaz, Martin Hirtl, Olaf A. Bachkoenig, G. Leitinger, R. Malli, W. F. Graier. MICU1 controls spatial membrane potential gradients and guides Ca2+ fluxes within mitochondrial substructures. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03606-3
Paper [2] examines spatial membrane potential gradients between mitochondrial substructures.
Pavel E Z Klier, A. Gest, Julia G. Martin, Ryan Roo, Marisol X. Navarro, L. Lesiak, Parker E Deal, N. Dadina, Jonathan Tyson, A. Schepartz, Evan W. Miller. Bioorthogonal, fluorogenic targeting of voltage-sensitive fluorophores for visualizing membrane potential dynamics in cellular organelles. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c02664
Paper [3] contrasts plasma membrane voltage with the membrane potentials found in organellar bilayers such as mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
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