Artificial Intelligence functions as a completely new production factor
Scholarly literature consistently conceptualizes artificial intelligence as a general-purpose technology comparable to historical innovations like electricity or steam, positioning it as a novel and transformative factor in economic production and growth.
The retrieved papers uniformly discuss artificial intelligence through the lens of general-purpose technology (GPT) economic frameworks, viewing it as a structural driver of productivity, growth, and industrial transformation rather than a standard incremental tool. There are no papers contradicting this formulation.
Nicholas Crafts. Artificial intelligence as a general-purpose technology: an historical perspective. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grab012
Paper 0 frames artificial intelligence as a general-purpose technology and a potential driver for a Fourth Industrial Revolution.
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Yingliang Wan, Hong Tao, Yiheng Zhao, Liqian Huang. The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence as a General Purpose Technology and Its Innovations in Economic Research. 2025. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijcsit.v5n1.03
Paper 2 notes that artificial intelligence acts as a general-purpose technology that fosters macroeconomic productivity improvements and new growth drivers.
Voxi Heinrich S. Amavilah. Artificial General Intelligence as a General-Purpose Technology: Toward an AGI-Augmented Theory of Economic Growth. 2026. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7125878
Paper 10 explicitly models AGI as a general-purpose technology that transforms the production function by augmenting technology, capital, and labor inputs.
Sultan Salur Kucuk. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence as a General-Purpose Technology on Economic Growth and Structural Transformation: An Innovation Ecosystem Perspective. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies14070239
Paper 11 analyzes how artificial intelligence functions as a general-purpose technology shaping economic growth and structural transformation.
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