Biological energy carriers universally contain adenine due to evolutionary constraints and catalytic efficiency.
Biological systems universally rely on adenine-containing nucleotides like ATP as primary energy carriers, a feature strongly supported by evolutionary conservation and their foundational role in ancient bioenergetics.
Papers 0, 4, and 7 directly support the proposition that adenine-containing molecules such as ATP and NADPH are universal biological energy carriers with deep evolutionary roots. No papers refute this claim.
Wen-Ying Liu, Jian Xu, Lingjun Li, Wei Yang, Chunxiong Luo. Thermoresponsive Thylakoid‐Integrated Artificial Photosynthetic Hydrogel Films for Dynamic Regulation of Photo‐Biocatalytic Cofactor Regeneration. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202523671
Highlights adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as universal biological energy carriers conserved across systems.
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Jack W F Nicholls, Jason P Chin, Tom A Williams, Timothy M Lenton, Vincent O'Flaherty, John W McGrath. On the potential roles of phosphorus in the early evolution of energy metabolism.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239189
Discusses adenosine triphosphate and related phosphorylated compounds as deeply conserved and ancient bioenergetic systems central to energy metabolism.
Jianxing Song. Adenosine Triphosphate: The Primordial Molecule That Controls Protein Homeostasis and Shapes the Genome-Proteome Interface.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040500
Describes adenosine triphosphate as the universal energy currency that controls protein homeostasis and shapes biological interfaces throughout evolutionary history.
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