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the claim

Lightning strikes propagate from the ground upward

the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
Recorded sources
5 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Scientific studies on upward lightning document how leaders can propagate from tall structures on the ground upward into the atmosphere.

The analysis

The retrieved papers provide robust theoretical and observational evidence confirming that upward lightning flashes propagate from the ground or structures upward into the atmosphere. The claim is specific, empirical, and directly supported by multiple studies investigating upward leader initiation and propagation.

Evidence for · 5
On the Initiation of Upward Negative Lightning by Nearby Lightning Activity: An Analytical Approach
Recorded source metadata

Antonio Sunjerga, Marcos Rubinstein, Farhad Rachidi, Vernon Cooray. On the Initiation of Upward Negative Lightning by Nearby Lightning Activity: An Analytical Approach. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034043

Paper [0] discusses the initiation and theoretical mechanics of upward negative lightning originating from tall structures on the ground.

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More for · 4
Similarities in the Initiation of Upward Positive and Downward Negative Lightning Flashes
Recorded source metadata

Oregel-Chaumont T, Azadifar M, Šunjerga A, Rubinstein M, Rachidi F. Similarities in the Initiation of Upward Positive and Downward Negative Lightning Flashes. 2025. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7713977/v1

Paper [3] examines upward negative stepped-leader pulses in upward positive lightning flashes.

Direct observations of X-rays produced by upward positive lightning.
Recorded source metadata

Oregel-Chaumont T, Šunjerga A, Hettiarachchi P, Cooray V, Rubinstein M, Rachidi F. Direct observations of X-rays produced by upward positive lightning.. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58520-x

Paper [5] presents direct observations of upward positive lightning and the initial phase of upward negative leader propagation.

Direct Observations of X-Rays Produced by Upward Positive Lightning
Recorded source metadata

Oregel-Chaumont T, Sunjerga A, Hettiarachchi P, Cooray V, Rubinstein M, Rachidi F. Direct Observations of X-Rays Produced by Upward Positive Lightning. 2023. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3419971/v2

Paper [7] describes the dynamics and X-ray emissions associated with upward negative leader initiation.

Similarities in the Initiation of Upward Positive and Downward Negative Lightning Flashes
Recorded source metadata

Toma Oregel-Chaumont, Mohammad Azadifar, Antonio Šunjerga, Marcos Rubinstein, Farhad Rachidi. Similarities in the Initiation of Upward Positive and Downward Negative Lightning Flashes. 2026. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6388868

Paper [9] analyzes upward negative stepped-leader pulses in upward flashes, further establishing the characteristics of upward lightning propagation.

The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked02 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 8102 Aug 2026
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