Specific metals form protective oxide layers based on the Pilling-Bedworth ratio

the verdict

SUPPORTED

the evidence backs this

Recorded sources

3 sources for · 0 against

Counts group repeated records of the same source within each side. They do not measure evidence strength or source independence.

Specific metals form protective oxide or scale layers based on volume ratios described by the Pilling-Bedworth ratio, which predicts whether an oxide film will remain intact or crack.

The analysis

The retrieved papers consistently acknowledge the Pilling-Bedworth ratio as a foundational concept used to evaluate volume changes, oxide layer formation, and the protectiveness of scales on metals and alloys, supporting the claim without any direct refutations of the principle itself.

Evidence for · 3

The Pilling-Bedworth Ratio of Oxides Formed From the Precipitated Phases in Magnesium Alloys

Recorded source metadata

Quantong Jiang, Dongzhu Lu, Chang Liu, Nazhen Liu, Baorong Hou. The Pilling-Bedworth Ratio of Oxides Formed From the Precipitated Phases in Magnesium Alloys. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.761052

Paper 0 calculates specific Pilling-Bedworth ratios (PBR) for various magnesium alloy precipitates to determine whether their formed oxides provide good protective layers.

Source citation format

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More for · 2

Novel method for predicting the cracks of oxide scales during high temperature oxidation of metals and alloys by using machine learning.

Recorded source metadata

Chawuthai R, Promchan T, Rojsanga J, Chandra-Ambhorn S, Nilsonthi T, Wongpromrat P, Bumrungthaichaichan E, Anantpinijwatna A. Novel method for predicting the cracks of oxide scales during high temperature oxidation of metals and alloys by using machine learning.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91449-3

Paper 1 notes that the Pilling-Bedworth ratio is traditionally employed to predict volume changes and protective oxide spallation, though it acknowledges limitations in complex real-world conditions.

Source citation format

Exploiting the Pilling-Bedworth Effect: A Two-Step Oxidation-Reduction Bonding for Pressureless Cu Sintering

Recorded source metadata

Xing Gao, Renli Fu, Peiyu Zeng, Yitao Xue, Jiajing Mu. Exploiting the Pilling-Bedworth Effect: A Two-Step Oxidation-Reduction Bonding for Pressureless Cu Sintering. 2026. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6998346

Paper 6 describes exploiting the Pilling-Bedworth effect and volume expansion during copper oxidation to achieve pre-densification and structural changes.

Source citation format

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first checked01 Aug 2026

judged → SUPPORTED · 8601 Aug 2026

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