Pharmaceutical drugs expire due to chemical degradation over time
Pharmaceutical drugs undergo chemical degradation over time when exposed to various environmental factors, which affects their shelf life and stability.
The retrieved papers consistently discuss pharmaceutical drug stability, degradation pathways, forced degradation studies, and degradation kinetics, directly supporting the claim that pharmaceutical drugs expire due to chemical degradation over time.
Vibhuti A. Rabadiya, Nehal Shah, A. Akabari. A Novel Stability-Indicating HPLC Method with Kinetics Study for the Concurrent Analysis of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Combination of Atenolol and Indapamide.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128346156250217055422
Paper 0 establishes that antihypertensive drugs degrade under various stress conditions, necessitating stability-indicating methods.
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B. Baul, Adriana Ledeți, Denisa Cîrcioban, Amalia Ridichie, T. Vlase, G. Vlase, F. Péter, I. Ledeți. Thermal Stability and Kinetics of Degradation of Moxonidine as Pure Ingredient vs. Pharmaceutical Formulation. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061738
Paper 1 investigates thermal stability and degradation kinetics of active pharmaceutical ingredients and formulations over time.
Secretan PH, Annereau M, Do B. A Risk-Based Framework for Hospital Compounding: Integrating Degradation Mechanisms and Predictive Toxicology.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17091202
Paper 3 notes that drug substances can undergo rapid degradation under alternative conditions such as light, moisture, or specific excipients.
Sanjeev Kumar. Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development for A Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet and Its Degradation Kinetics. 2025. https://doi.org/10.64063/3049-1681.vol.2.issue8.12
Paper 4 analyzes the degradation kinetics of active pharmaceutical ingredients in fixed-dose combination tablets under different stress conditions.
El-Kafrawy DS, Abo-Gharam AH. Hydrolytic stress degradation study and concomitant HPTLC estimation of thioctic acid and biotin in their combined capsules: greenness, blueness and whiteness assessment.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01637-5
Paper 9 evaluates hydrolytic degradation kinetics in fresh and expired combined pharmaceutical capsules.
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