Amino acids in cells evolved through specific prebiotic chemical pathways
Multiple studies demonstrate that amino acids can be synthesized and utilized via specific prebiotic chemical pathways, such as reactions involving alpha-keto acids and polyphosphates.
The retrieved literature thoroughly investigates specific chemical pathways (such as the Bucherer-Bergs pathway, reactions involving alpha-keto acids, and polyphosphate activation) that account for the prebiotic formation and condensation of amino acids. The evidence strongly supports the claim that amino acids in early settings arose through specific prebiotic mechanisms.
Izabela K Sibilska, Yu Feng, Lingjun Li, John Yin. Trimetaphosphate activates prebiotic peptide synthesis across a wide range of temperature and pH. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11084-018-9564-7
Paper 0 demonstrates how polyphosphates activate prebiotic peptide synthesis under various early Earth conditions.
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Tolga Yaman, Jeremy N. Harvey. Computational Analysis of a Prebiotic Amino Acid Synthesis with Reference to Extant Codon–Amino Acid Relationships. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121343
Paper 3 provides computational evidence for prebiotic amino acid synthesis from alpha-keto acids via specific catalytic mechanisms.
Eliav Marland, G. Lipson, R. Edri, Or Cohen, A. Guzman-Martinez, O. Shalev, C. M. Salván, M. Frenkel-Pinter. Robust Synthesis of Prebiotic Precursors in Drying Reactions of Amino Acids and Keto Acids. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/syst.202500018
Paper 4 explores robust drying reactions between amino acids and keto acids under mild prebiotic conditions.
Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, Sunil Pulletikurti, Mahipal Yadav, Greg Springsteen. Prebiotic Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and Orotate from α-Ketoacids Potentiates Transition to Extant Metabolic Pathways. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-870237/v1
Paper 6 details the Bucherer-Bergs pathway as an efficient prebiotic route from alpha-keto acids to amino acids.
John Jones. α-Amino acid synthesis. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199257386.003.0002
Paper 8 reviews the general chemical methods and synthetic pathways for producing alpha-amino acids.
Sunil Pulletikurti, Mahipal Yadav, Greg Springsteen, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy. Prebiotic synthesis of α-amino acids and orotate from α-ketoacids potentiates transition to extant metabolic pathways.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-022-00999-w
Paper 10 demonstrates prebiotic synthesis of alpha-amino acids from alpha-keto acids, showing links to extant metabolic pathways.
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