Mass vaccination alters the population dynamics and transmission rates of epidemic diseases

Mohammad Qaleh Shakhany, K. Salimifard. Predicting the dynamical behavior of COVID-19 epidemic and the effect of control strategies. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110823

The paper uses differential equations to demonstrate how mass immunization programs decrease transmission rates and affect disease-free equilibria.

O. Milman, I. Yelin, N. Aharony, R. Katz, E. Herzel, A. Ben-Tov, J. Kuint, S. Gazit, G. Chodick, T. Patalon, R. Kishony. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among unvaccinated is negatively associated with community-level vaccination rates. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.26.21254394

Observational evidence shows that community-level vaccination rates lower infection risk and provide cross-protection, altering transmission dynamics.

D. Lu, A. Aleta, M. Ajelli, R. Pastor-Satorras, A. Vespignani, Y. Moreno. Data-driven estimate of SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity threshold in populations with individual contact pattern variations. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.19.21253974

The study assesses how random and prioritized mass vaccination programs impact disease transmission thresholds.

Pedro Plans-Rubió. Percentages of Vaccination Coverage Required To Establish Herd Immunity Against SARS-Cov-2. 2022. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0247.v1

The research models vaccination coverage required to alter epidemic waves based on virus transmissibility.

B. Espinoza, C. Saad-Roy, Bryan T. Grenfell, Simon A. Levin, M. Marathe. Adaptive human behaviour modulates the impact of immune life history and vaccination on long-term epidemic dynamics. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.1772

This study incorporates adaptive human behavior and vaccination to model long-term epidemic dynamics.

Rosemary A. Martoma, M. Washam, Joshua C. Martoma, A. Cori, M. Majumder. Modeling vaccination coverage during the 2022 central Ohio measles outbreak: a cross-sectional study. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2023.100533

The paper models vaccination coverage and effective reproduction numbers to understand population-level immunity gaps during outbreaks.

Judy Yang, Nathan C. Lo, E. Dankwa, C. Donnelly, Ribhav Gupta, Martha P. Montgomery, Mark K. Weng, Natasha K. Martin. Determining Herd Immunity Thresholds for Hepatitis A Virus Transmission to Inform Vaccination Strategies Among People Who Inject Drugs in 16 US States. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad552

Dynamic modeling determines the herd immunity thresholds and vaccination coverage required to prevent hepatitis A outbreaks.

Pedro Plans-Rubió. Measles Vaccination Coverage and Anti-Measles Herd Immunity Levels in the World and Who Regions Worsened from 2019 to 2023. 2025. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202501.0272.v1

The study assesses how measles vaccination coverage and population immunity levels impact virus transmission dynamics across regions.

S. Sheikh Ali, Khalid A. Kheirallah, G. Sharkas, M. Al-Nusair, Abdel-Hameed W Al-Mistarehi, Mahmoud Ghazo, Ali Zeitawi, S. Bellizzi, Mohannad Ramadan, Jomana W Alsulaiman, Hamed Alzoubi, A. Belbesi, M. Allouh. SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiological Investigation in Jordan: Seroprevalence, Herd Immunity, and Vaccination Coverage. A Population-Based National Study. 2022. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S371711

The research analyzes seroprevalence and vaccination coverage data to evaluate population-level immunity against viral variants.

Fatima Zohra Hathout, T. Touaoula. The Impact of Imperfect Vaccination on Infectious Disease Transmission in an Age-Structured Population. 2025. https://doi.org/10.69717/ijams.v2.i1.104

The paper models the influence of imperfect vaccination on infectious disease spread within an age-structured population.